Electrocoagulation processes are able to remove (and recover) many contaminants from waste and polluted water streams including:
| One pass | Two passes | |
| Suspended solids | >95% | >99% |
| Emulsified/dissolved hydrocarbons | >95% | >99% |
| Bacteria/algae/larvae | >95% | >99% |
| Heavy metals | >95% | >99% |
| Calcium, magnesium | >90% | >95% |
| Arsenic | >90% | >95% |
| BOD | >90% | >95% |
| COD** | >90% | >95% |
**Electrocoagulation cells remove compounds that cause BOD (biological oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in wastewater and effluent. However, some soluble organic and ammoniacal compounds, sulphides and mercaptans may require additional treatment with advanced electrochemical oxidation for their removal. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs): acetic/ethanoic acid to valeric/petanoic acid (i.e. C2 to C5) cannot be removed by electrocoagulation or oxidation and must be removed with either membrane filtration or aerobic biological treatment. VFAs may occur in wastewater and effluent that has been stored in anoxic conditions and has undergone anaerobic fermentation, discharges from anaerobic digesters, drilling and production platforms (acetic acid is used for cleaning and well-stimulation), breweries and wineries, etc.
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